Write-up hackthebox netmon

After the getting started article, here is a walkthrough for hackthebox netmon, to get an impression how to pwn machines. This was a nice one and I guess one of the the easier.

Portscan

Nmap 7.70 scan initiated Thu May 23 21:38:11 2019 as: nmap -A -oA netmon 10.10.10.152
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.152
Host is up (0.043s latency).
Not shown: 995 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
21/tcp open ftp Microsoft ftpd
| ftp-anon: Anonymous FTP login allowed (FTP code 230)
| 02-03-19 12:18AM 1024 .rnd
| 02-25-19 10:15PM inetpub
| 07-16-16 09:18AM PerfLogs
| 02-25-19 10:56PM Program Files
| 02-03-19 12:28AM Program Files (x86)
| 02-03-19 08:08AM Users
|02-25-19 11:49PM Windows | ftp-syst: | SYST: Windows_NT
80/tcp open http Indy httpd 18.1.37.13946 (Paessler PRTG bandwidth monitor)
|_http-server-header: PRTG/18.1.37.13946
| http-title: Welcome | PRTG Network Monitor (NETMON)
|_Requested resource was /index.htm
|_http-trane-info: Problem with XML parsing of /evox/about
135/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC
139/tcp open netbios-ssn Microsoft Windows netbios-ssn
445/tcp open microsoft-ds Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 - 2012 microsoft-ds
No exact OS matches for host (If you know what OS is running on it, see https://nmap.org/submit/ ).
TCP/IP fingerprint:
OS:SCAN(V=7.70%E=4%D=5/23%OT=21%CT=1%CU=30959%PV=Y%DS=2%DC=T%G=Y%TM=5CE6F6C
OS:0%P=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)SEQ(SP=107%GCD=1%ISR=108%CI=I%II=I%TS=A)SEQ(SP=1
OS:07%GCD=1%ISR=108%TS=A)SEQ(SP=107%GCD=1%ISR=108%II=I%TS=A)OPS(O1=M54DNW8S
OS:T11%O2=M54DNW8ST11%O3=M54DNW8NNT11%O4=M54DNW8ST11%O5=M54DNW8ST11%O6=M54D
OS:ST11)WIN(W1=2000%W2=2000%W3=2000%W4=2000%W5=2000%W6=2000)ECN(R=Y%DF=Y%T=
OS:80%W=2000%O=M54DNW8NNS%CC=Y%Q=)T1(R=Y%DF=Y%T=80%S=O%A=S+%F=AS%RD=0%Q=)T2
OS:(R=Y%DF=Y%T=80%W=0%S=Z%A=S%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)T3(R=Y%DF=Y%T=80%W=0%S=Z%A=O%
OS:F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)T4(R=Y%DF=Y%T=80%W=0%S=A%A=O%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T5(R=Y%DF=Y%
OS:T=80%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)T6(R=Y%DF=Y%T=80%W=0%S=A%A=O%F=R%O=%RD
OS:=0%Q=)T7(R=Y%DF=Y%T=80%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)U1(R=Y%DF=N%T=80%IPL
OS:=164%UN=0%RIPL=G%RID=G%RIPCK=G%RUCK=G%RUD=G)IE(R=Y%DFI=N%T=80%CD=Z)
Network Distance: 2 hops
Service Info: OSs: Windows, Windows Server 2008 R2 - 2012; CPE: cpe:/o:microsoft:windows
Host script results:
|clock-skew: mean: 11s, deviation: 0s, median: 10s | smb-security-mode: | account_used: guest | authentication_level: user | challenge_response: supported | message_signing: disabled (dangerous, but default)
| smb2-security-mode:
| 2.02:
|_ Message signing enabled but not required
| smb2-time:
| date: 2019-05-23 21:38:48
|_ start_date: 2019-05-23 21:34:54
TRACEROUTE (using port 1723/tcp)
HOP RTT ADDRESS
1 54.00 ms 10.10.12.1
2 54.08 ms 10.10.10.152
OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done at Thu May 23 21:38:40 2019 -- 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 29.10 seconds

Connect via FTP

The user hash is easily found:

Now we have a look at the running web server. A PRTG instance is running here. After some searching the web it was clear that this might be a vulnerable version of PRTG (https://www.codewatch.org/blog/?p=453). No login with std creds (prtgadmin/prtgadmin) possible…

But we have the FTP server, which gives us some infomation:Some interesting stuff in the windows dir:

Here the credentials are encrypted. Some research show that in older versions that might be a problem (TODO, link). So I spent some time in finding valid credentials.

Also in c:\windows:

c:\ProgrammData is hidden but can be seen if you access it directly:

Get netmon prtgadmin credentials:

Something interesting in PRTG Configuration.old.bak:

After some trying I found out that the new password was: PrTg@admin2019, so this is something you have sometimes in real life, finding some credentials but still need to try around a bit. Then I followed mostly this description of the vulnerability: https://www.codewatch.org/blog/?p=453

Add a notification:

Leave defaults and choose “Execute Program” with the following settings:

Success, we can now get the hash from the test,txt file:

Pwnd! What I liked on this machine was that you needed to combine vulnerabilities. First find the credentials, then alter them to the working credentials. After that you had RCE.

Book Review Hands-on Bug Hunting for Penetration Testers

Hands-On Bug Hunting for Penetration Testers
Author: Joseph Marshall
Content: Go through common bugs in Webapps and introduction to bug bounties
Career: Penetration Tester, Bug Bounty
Level: Beginner

The main audience of Bug Hunting for Penetration Testers are coders and penetration testers interested in bug bounties. The book goes through bug bounty programs, penetration testing and the usual web security vulnerabilites like XSS, SQL injections, XEE and so on.

As the title sais, the book was written for people with prior knowledge in penetration testing. So the vulnerabtilies are not explained in depth, but nevertheless it is suitable also for beginners if they are willing to go deeper later and using other sources, after each chapter there are some recommendations for it.

For me the perspective as a bug hunter is pretty interesting, and the book is going into automatisation of some tasks and which vulnerabilites are usually interesting for bug bounty programs and how to report them. For getting an impression about the coding have a look here, unfortunatelly the code base is for python 2.7 and not python 3. The books is also informing about information gathering and bug bounty strategies. What I also like are the end-to-end examples, from finding and exploiting a vulnerability to a short example report. Later reporting is explained into more detail.

If you are interested in Bug Bounty programs you should have a look into this book.

Review Portswigger Web Security Academy

Update 2020/08

The materials and labs exloded over the last months:
Web cache poisoning
Information disclosure vulnerabilities
Insecure deserialization
Authentication
SQL injection
Cross-site scripting
Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)
XML external entity (XXE) injection
Clickjacking (UI redressing)
Cross-origin resource sharing (CORS)
Server-side request forgery (SSRF)
HTTP request smuggling
OS command injection
Server-side template injection
Directory traversal
Access control vulnerabilities and privilege escalation
Testing for WebSockets security vulnerabilities
DOM-based vulnerabilities

The full list of labs is not included here, it is simply too long!

Link: Web Security Academy
Content: Teaches the basics of Web Application Security, so far SQL Injection, XSS, OS command injection and File Path traversal. Comes with small labs.
Career: Penetration Tester but I recommend it also for everyone interested in security
Level: Beginner
Price: Free

Web Security Academy

The description from the originial website:
Welcome to the Web Security Academy. This is a brand new learning resource providing free training on web security vulnerabilities, techniques for finding and exploiting bugs, and defensive measures for avoiding them.
The Web Security Academy contains high-quality learning materials, interactive vulnerability labs, and video tutorials. You can learn at your own pace, wherever and whenever suits you. Best of all, everything is free!

For tracking and doing the labs you need to create an accout.

I found the explanations and the labs very suitable for beginners and I think it is a great starting point for web application security.

The team behind it is the same that is behind the Burpsuite and the famous Web Application Hackers Handbook (consider buying it if you want to go deeper into the topic):

The Web Application Hackers Handbook
Authors: Daffy Stuttard, Marcus Pinto
Content: The standard book about hacking Web Applications, goes into depth about the most important topics. Authors also created the BurpSuit.
Career: Penetration Tester
Level: Good for beginners, but also useful for experienced penetration testers

Career Path Security Basics

Most people starting a career in IT security have a huge interest in topics like hacking, programming, system administration, networking and so on. When you apply for a junior position, employers normally expect basic skills and huge motivation. In this article you can find some useful resources for learning the basic skills that are useful for all career paths in IT security. More specific articles for specialized career paths like penetration tester, DFIR expert, malware expert and so on, are about to follow.

If you have any ideas or suggestions for additional useful courses, please feel free to leave a reply in the comment section below or just add them to your personal training list.

I suggest to look for suitable courses or certifications, to set yourself a goal and make a plan how to reach your goal.

If you want to read how I started my career in IT security have a look here.

Programming

Depending on your career, you should have knowledge in various programming languages. As a penetration tester, these could be assembly, C, javascript, HTML, python and bash for the beginning. Programming skills are not only useful for penetration testers, but also for other career paths. For example in a blue team, programming skills are very useful for automatization.

In this section you can find some examples for learning basic programming, more specialized examples follow in the career path sections.

HTML

Html & JavaScript

Learn Basics by building your own Computer

Build a Modern Computer from First Principles: From Nand to Tetris
Content: Teaches the basics of computer sience by building a computer from ground up. There is also a great TED talk about the course.
Career: All
Level: Beginner
Price: Free or with certificate

Programming Python

Python might be the most important language to learn as a starter.

Programming for Everybody (Getting Started with Python)
Content: Python Basics
Career: All
Level: Beginner
Price: Free or with certificate

There is a ton of free resources on the web, this also looks useful:
https://www.python.org/about/gettingstarted/
https://www.learnpython.org/

More EDX courses: https://www.edx.org/learn/computer-programming

More coursera courses: https://www.coursera.org/browse/computer-science/software-development

Programming Bash, Learning Linux

For all career paths, you will need Linux skills.

https://www.bash.academy/
https://www.learnshell.org/
http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Bash-Prog-Intro-HOWTO.html

If you lack of basics in Hardware, OS and so on consider this one:
https://www.professormesser.com/free-a-plus-training/220-901/comptia-220-900-course/

Networking

Professor Messer’s CompTIA N10-007 Network+ Course
Content: Great and free video course for preparing the CompTIA Network+ exam, I recommend to add a book nevertheless.
Career: All 
Level: Beginner
Price: Videos are free

All in One CompTIA Network+
Author: Mike Meyers
Content: Coverage of the CompTIA Network+ certification exam objectives, goes into the topics in depth. I liked the questions after each chapter. Came with a CD with an exam simulator long ago, now the content is online. 
Career: All 
Level: Beginner
Buy at Amazon U.S.
Buy at Amazon Germany

You may consider to do the certification for the CV.

More Coursera courses: https://www.coursera.org/browse/computer-science/computer-security-and-networks

Learn about http:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/http/

Basis Security

The Cuckoo’s Egg Decompiled Course
Content: Highly recommended course by Chris Sanders, teaching the basics of attacking and defending networks through the lens of the famous “The cuckoos Egg” book by Clifford Stoll.
Career: All
Level: Beginner
Price: Free

Professor Messer’s CompTIA SY0-501 Security+ Course
Content: Same as the Network+ course for Security+, I also recommend to read a book additional for preparation.
Career: All 
Level: Beginner
Price: Videos are free

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Security+ Certification Passport
Author: Dawn Dunkerley
Content: For preparing the CompTIA Security+ Certification this book is recommended. It covers every topic from the exam and also includes review questions as well as a practice exam.
Career: All
Level: Beginner

You may consider to do the certification for the CV.

Introducion to Cybersecurity
Content: Short non technical introduction course for everyone who is curious about cybersecurity. Explains the basic concepts from a higher level.
Career: All
Level: Beginner
Price: Free or with certificate

More EDX courses: https://www.edx.org/learn/cybersecurity

More Coursera courses: https://www.coursera.org/browse/computer-science/computer-security-and-networks

Stay tuned, my next article will be about the career path for penetration testers.

Links

Thanks @SparkyS04 for proofreading.

Review Wargames Over the Wire

URL: http://overthewire.org/wargames/
Career Path: Pentesters, Beginners in Security
Level: All, good for beginners

The wargames are free & fun, I tested two games so far, Bandit and Natas, but there are much more that include also crypto and explotation wargames.

Bandit

From the website:

  • aimed to absolute beginners
  • connection over ssh with given credentials, no registration needed
  • for learning linux commands/hacking
  • in each level you have to find the password for the next level
  • exercides are for example search for the password in hidden files, files with special characters, learning commands
  • Reading the exercise makes absolute sense here 😉

Example:
The password for the next level is stored somewhere on the server and has all of the following properties:* owned by user bandit7* owned by group bandit6* 33 bytes in size

For starting you get your first credentials and then hack on:

http://overthewire.org/wargames/bandit/

Natas
Natas is for learning webserver security. You can just start right away and log into the first exercise:

http://natas0.natas.labs.overthewire.org/
  • Read the source code
  • Use a proxy like Burpsuite might be useful
  • starting simple, but you should read a bit about html and http before starting
  • first find tokens in code, files, change cookies and so on

I hope I will have some time to write about the other wargames too.

Hack on!

Getting started with hackthebox

Career Path, Labs: Penetration Tester
Challenges: Penetration Tester, Forensics, Malware
Level: All

Until now I never realized that hackthebox also offers free accounts, so I decided to test it and write a short post. 

After a challenge here you can create your login. With the connection pack for openvpn it is possible to connect to the labs with a Kali machine (or any other Linux I guess), easy.

With the free account you can solve challenges and active machines.

Active machines
For owning systems and users there are flags that are stored in files on the machines, for example:

The labs remind me about the OSCP labs, and lots of people are using them for training before the OSCP certification (which might be a good idea, though I did not) or to get an impression about the labs and the exam.

For more information and getting an impression about owning boxes look here, lot’s of walkthoughs for retired boxes.

At the time of this writing 20 machines were online, with different OS versions (Linux, Windows, BSD) and different scenarios. I had a closer look at some boxes and solved one so far in a couple of hours. 

The lab looks really fun, and I would recommend it for everyone who wants to train and learn hacking.

Challenges
The challenges also look quite good, i had a look but honestly, I am much more into owning. Here are the categories for the challenges:

For solving for example the Stego challenges, you download a file with a hidden message and have to find it. I was surprised that there are also some Forensics challenges, I will defilnetly have a look into those too.

Conclusion
This is definetly a great playground for everyone who is into solving challenges and pwn boxes. I am not sure if hackthebox is good for total beginners, there are no big explanations or tutorials for the machines or what is to do. There are the official forums with hints and some websites offering more in depth explanations, although the rules say that this should not be done, and somehow as an OSCP taker (“Try harder”) this feels like cheating. With the VIP membership you also have the retired machines with walkthroughs.

For your career hands-on and solving challenges is a very important part, so I recommend: sign up.

Links:
https://www.secjuice.com/hack-the-box-starter-pack-edit/
https://veteransec.com/category/hack-the-box-write-ups/
https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/hack-the-box-htb-machines-walkthrough-series-jerry/#gref

Short Review: x33fcon

x33fcon is a nice & small conference in Poland, Gdynia near to Gdansk.

“Welcome to x33fcon, a new gathering for IT security professionals and enthusiasts. It’s a new event where blue and red teams meet to exchange views and ideas, share experiences, and discuss the latest security challenges in the industry.”
From: https://www.x33fcon.com/

The ticket price is low (also if you plan to travel there privately), the content was really professional and interesting, a bit more than someone might expect when you see the size of the con. Kudos to the organizers for getting so many interesting speakers and talks. Besides the talks there is also a CTF and workshops, after the conference trainings take place. There is also some great food for lunch, in the breakes there is coffee and small snacks. The breakes are long, so you have some time to talk with speakers and other folks around. Seems to be that ATT&CK is the hot topic currently, at x33fcon alone they had three talks about that. 

From my point of view as a Red Teamer some more talks about breaking stuff on exploitation level would have been great. x33fcon is a great conference, the only critics from my side is that the attendees are being filmed in every talk from any perspective possible. At other conferences they ask when making photos or filming, maybe that might be an idea when not filming the whole audience.

Besides the conference Gdynia, Gdansk and the beaches around are really nice:

Conclusion: Highly recommended.

Review EDX Course Security in Office 365 (Microsoft CLD245x)

Recently I took the course Security in Office 365 using the free Audit Access, the final exam and the Certificate are missing here.
The sections of the course are:
  • Threats and data breaches targeting your data
  • Office 365 Advanced Threat Protection
  • Office 365 Threat Intelligence
  • Auditing, alerting and reporting in Office 365
  • Advanced Security Management in Office 365
After each section there is a quiz, as well as an final exam with 20 questions (missing in the free version). I’ll go through each section adding some notes.
Introduction to Security in Office 365
Threats and data breaches targeting your data
  • how threat actors gain access
  • kill chain
  • how the work and threat landscape changed
  • on-premises environment vs “gray area” (cloud etc.) in terms of controll and security
  • phishing
  • malware
  • spoofing
  • escalation of privilege
  • data exfiltration
  • data deletion including ransom ware
  • data spillage (“Data spillage occurs when protected data is transferred to a system that doesn’t provide the same level of protection as the source.”)
  • as well as password cracking
  • malicious insiders
Security solutions in Office 365 
  • Exchange Online Protection (EOP)
  • Office 365 Advanced Threat Protection (Office 365 ATP)
  • Office 365 Threat Intelligence
  • Auditing and alerts
  • Advanced Security Management (ASM)
  • EOP (not End Of Protection 😉 but Exchange Online Protection)
  • Office 365 Threat Intelligence
  • Threat Dashboard
  • Auditing and alerts
  • Advanced Security Management (AMS)
  • Threat detection
  • Enhanced control
  • Discovery and insights
Introduction to Secure Score
  • Overview of Office 365 Secure Score
  • security related measurements
  • Office 365 Secure Score API
  • API & powershell
  • downstream data for other tools and SIEM etc.
  • The Secure Score dashboard
  • The Secure Score analyzer tab
  • Increasing your security posture
  • I liked some of the points:
    • Enabling multi-factor authentication on all admin accounts
    • Designating more than one global admin
    • Enabling auditing across workloads
    • Enabling mailbox auditing
    • Having a weekly review of sign-ins after multiple failures
    • Having a weekly review of sign-ins from unknown sources
    • Having a weekly review of sign-ins from multiple geographies
Implementing and Managing Office 365 ATP
Introduction to Exchange Online Protection
  • The anti-malware pipeline in Office 365
  • Zero-hour auto purge
  • ZAP, detect spam or malware that was undetected by heuristics and delivery patterns
  • Phishing and spoofing protection
  • SFP, DKIM, DMARC
  • Spoof Intelligence
  • Give overview of spoofing attempts, allow spoofing for certain senders for certain addresses
  • Managing spoof intelligence
Overview of Office 365 Advanced Threat Protection
  • How ATP expands protection provided by EOP
  • Safe attachments
  • sandbox/detonation chamber 😀
  • Safe attachment policy options
  • Safe links
  • URL detonation -> mix of safe links and sage attachements
  • Safe links policy options
Managing Safe Attachments
  • Creating safe attachment policies in the Security and Compliance Center
  • Creating safe attachments policies using Windows PowerShell
  • Modifying an existing safe attachments policy in the Security and Compliance Center
  • Creating a transport rule to bypass safe attachments
  • Safe attachments end user experience
Managing Safe Links
  • Creating safe links policies by using the Security and Compliance Center
  • Creating safe links policies using Windows PowerShell
  • Modifying an existing safe links policy
  • Create a transport rule to bypass safe links
  • Safe links user experience in email
  • Safe links user experience in Office 2016
Monitoring and reports
  • Threat protection status report
  • ATP message disposition report
  • ATP file types report
  • Malware detections report
  • Top Malware report
  • Top Senders and Recipients report
  • Spoof Mail report
  • Spam Detections report
  • Sent and received email report
  • Security & Compliance Report Demonstration
Using Office 365 Threat Intelligence
Office 365 Threat Intelligence
“Threat intelligence is evidence-based knowledge, including context, mechanisms, indicators, implications and actionable advice, about an existing or emerging menace or hazard to assets that can be used to inform decisions regarding the subject’s response to that menace or hazard.”
  • Microsoft Intelligent Security Graph
    • Source: Windows, Office 365, Cloud Services, 3rd party
  • Threat dashboard
    • reporting tool for C-level
  • Threat explorer
    • analysts, admins
Using the Threat Detection dashboard
  • Threat detections in your tenant
  • Security and malware trends
  • Alerts
  • More insights
  • Threat Intelligence Demonstration
Using Threat Explorer
  • Viewing options in Threat explorer
  • Filtering capabilities in Threat Explorer
  • Drilling for details
  • Incident reports
Implementing auditing, insights, and alerts
Overview of auditing in the Security & Compliance Center
  • Auditing architecture in Office 365
  • Audited activities
  • Office 365 Management Activity API
Enabling mailbox auditing in Exchange Online
  • Mailbox actions logged by mailbox audit logging
  • Enabling mailbox auditing
  • Specifying owner actions to audit
  • Changing the age limit for entries in the mailbox audit log
Searching the audit log
  • Enabling auditing in your tenant
  • Granting permissions
  • Searching the audit log
  • Viewing the search results
  • Filtering the search results
  • Exporting the search results to a file
  • Searching the audit log by using Windows PowerShell
  • Using a SIEM application to access your auditing data
Enabling sharing auditing for SharePoint and OneDrive
  • The SharePoint sharing schema
  • The SharePoint Sharing model and sharing events
  • How to identify resources shared with external users
Managing insights and alerts in the Security & Compliance Center
  • Introduction to insights and alerts
  • Types of insights that are available
  • Types of alerts that are generated
  • Alerts features in the Security & Compliance Center
  • Alert policy settings
  • Default alert policies
  • Viewing alerts
  • Managing alerts
Advanced Security Management
Overview of Advanced Security Management
  • Lesson introduction
  • Anomaly detection policies
    •     Login authentication failures
    •     Administrator activity
    •     Inactive accounts
    •     Location
    •     Impossible travel
    •     Device and user agent
  • Activity policies
  • Anomaly detection and activity alerts
  • Policy templates
  • Productivity app discovery
  • App permissions
Implementing policies and alerts
  • Enabling and accessing Advanced Security Management
  • Creating anomaly detection policies
  • Creating activity policies
  • Reviewing and taking action on alerts
  • Investigating activities in the Activity log
  • Grouping IP addresses to simplify management
Implementing app discovery
  • Log file requirements
  • Supported vendors and their data attributes
  • Creating app discovery reports
  • Reviewing app discovery findings
  • Troubleshooting errors when log files are uploaded
Implementing app permissions
  • App permissions architecture
  • Managing app permissions
  • Approving or banning an app
Conclusion
Unfortunately I do not have access to an Office 365 environment for testing. So I was thankful that the course gives a broad insight of the posibilites of the security configurations of Office 365. Lots of the topics come withshort  examples (like phishing, spoofing etc.) and a short video clip.

From my side more insight on the security mechanisms and more detail on Threat Intelligence would have been great.  The course goes into logging and how to find strange behaviour, malware and threat intelligence. Which was really nice to see how much effort Microsoft put into securing their cloud products.

A lot of the questions in the module assessements questions are more about configuration the platform itself or how tabs are named, I felt a bit like in a MS exam long time ago. Large parts of the content is text and not videos, most courses are a bit different here.

The course gave a good overview and insights for understanding Security in Office 365 for me, that’s what I was looking for.
Links

Recommended Talks for the New Year (mainly 35C3)

Like last here here some recommendations for starting into 2019. Mainly from 35C3 and one from Bluehat.

See the original thread from twitter here (It’s a bit messed up, but should be complete):

Review Cybrary Advanced Cyber Threat Intelligence

Since I found that some information was missing from this course https://govolution.wordpress.com/2018/06/30/review-udemy-certified-cyber-threat-intelligence-analyst/
I found a course on cybrary, which is only about 3 hours long and which is free.

So the review will also be a bit shorter. For the content please review:
https://www.cybrary.it/course/advanced-cyber-threat-intelligence/

Module 1 – Threat Intelligence Maturity Model is the intro, with an interesting analysis about maturity levels of organisations related to threat intelligence which I found pretty informative.

Module 2 – Campaigns and Open-Source Threat Intelligence comes with some information about OSINT and visualization, which is also covered a bit broader in the course that I took previously.

Module 3 – Sharing Operational Threat Intelligence is a bit more interesting, since here we start with “Sharing Operational Threat Intelligence”. This comes with some information about Crowdstrike & Alienvault, Yara, TLP, CybOX and STIX, TAXII. Finally some information about Tactical/Operational sharing, which was interesting, because the author seems to know that things like ROI etc. are also important when talking about security programs, the explanation of Analytic Confidence was also useful. The video about “Words of Estimative Probability” will almost certainly be useful in the future.
The tools are not explained in depth or compared to each other which is a pitty. I strongly suggest to have a look at sigma ;).

Module 4 – Strategic Threat Intelligence Analysis is something that was missing from the courses I viewed before. The topics here are:
Cognitive Bias and Logical Errors
Competing Hypothesis Analysis
Human Elements of Attribution
Nation-State Attribution
Strategic Review and Creating an Active Defense

Conclusion
For me the course was interesting and infomative, especially Module 3 & Module 4 brought a new perspective to me. Some of the example could be shown with more length. Further I got some more tools that I might try in future. I give the course 4/5 points.

 

Links
https://www.cybrary.it/course/advanced-cyber-threat-intelligence/
https://metadefender.opswat.com/#!/
http://virscan.org/
https://www.virustotal.com/
https://community.riskiq.com/
https://www.us-cert.gov/
https://github.com/VirusTotal/yara
https://github.com/Yara-Rules/rules
View at Medium.com

How to Write Simple but Sound Yara Rules

How to Write Simple but Sound Yara Rules – Part 2

How to Write Simple but Sound Yara Rules – Part 3


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Sharing_and_Analysis_Center
https://cybox.mitre.org/about/
https://stixproject.github.io/about/
https://github.com/Neo23x0/sigma

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_confidence
http://www.tylervigen.com/spurious-correlations
https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/psychology-of-intelligence-analysis/index.html